The bill contemplates monitoring and placing electronic tracking devices on kidnappers released from prison after serving their sentence as a means to prevent further criminal behavior. It proposes wiretapping private telephone calls when warranted by an investigation into a kidnapping and when justifiable before a public prosecutor. Yet, he clarified that it has been a very long time since a proposal arriving from the Executive office has been approved automatically, that they are discussed, evaluated, and revised with exhaustion. In his opinion, the recent massacre in Ciudad Juarez has impacted the President, showing him the gravity on the insecurity and violence. El universal. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment.
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A report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies IISS , a London-based international, non-partisan research institute, whose research areas include non-proliferation, transnational threats, geo-economics, climate change and security IISS n.
Sources indicate that organized criminal organizations have been working alongside common criminals to diversify their criminal operations Moloeznik 29 June ; BBC 3 May The US Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for , for Mexico, indicates that organized criminal organizations are implicated in killings, often with the complicity of state, local, and security officials US 7 Apr.
Similarly, a March report by openDemocracy,"an independent global media platform covering world affairs, ideas and culture" openDemocracy n. Sources indicate that the increasing rate of violent crime is due to a war among cartels to control drug trafficking routes Verisk Maplecroft 1 Dec. A report by the Citizens' National Observatory Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano , a civil society organization that promotes the oversight of security, justice and legal conditions in Mexico Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano n.
The states with the highest homicide rate for that period are Colima Statistics available on the website of the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime UNODC for indicate that the number of homicides for that year was 20,, which translated into a rate of The same report indicates that in , the number of homicides in Canada was , a rate of 1. The website of the Ministry of the Interior indicates that the comparable rate of kidnapping cases for the month of March cases declined by The report by the Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano indicates that the country's kidnapping rate per , inhabitants between April and March was 4.
Sources indicate that express [1] and virtual kidnappings [2] occur in Mexico US 24 Feb. A report by the BBC on kidnappings in Mexico indicates that there have been reported cases of kidnapped victims who were plumbers, blacksmiths, street sellers, hair stylists, and a street sweeper ibid.
Sources indicate that the exact number of kidnappings is difficult to determine because victims, or their families, do not report crimes to authorities US 24 Feb. Reasons for this include: fear that the police is also involved in the kidnapping or that they are unable to provide effective assistance US 24 Feb.
Sources indicate that there are cases when, even if the ransom is paid, the victim has been killed US 24 Feb. Amnesty International AI indicates that enforced disappearances, including those committed by state and non-state actors, are "widespread" AI The US Country Reports indicates that "[f]ederal law prohibits forced disappearances, but laws relating to forced disappearances vary widely across the 32 states and not all classify 'forced disappearance' as distinct from murder or kidnapping" US 7 Apr.
The OSAC characterizes the number of disappeared as "high," and indicates that forced disappearances have become "routine occurrences" in the country, including in Mexico City ibid. The US Country Reports indicates that the investigation, prosecution and sentencing for disappearance-related crimes "remained rare" ibid. AI characterizes the investigation of disappearances as "flawed and unduly delayed," with authorities failing to immediately search for victims AI The report by the Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano indicates that the country's extortion rate per , inhabitants between April and March was 4.
The OSAC report indicates that foreign companies are extorted by criminals and that some have been attacked if no extortion money is paid US 24 Feb. Sources report that small business owners are extorted by criminals using "user rights" derecho de piso or cobro de piso , where the business owners are asked to pay the criminals periodically in order to be able to work SinEmbargo 22 Nov.
According to SinEmbargo, a digital Mexican newspaper, the criminals tell their victims that they are part of one of the cartels in order to get them to pay SinEmbargo 22 Nov. Sources report that extortions are also committed from Mexican prison centres Huffington Post 11 Jan.
The report by the Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano indicates that the country's [translation] "violent robbery" [3] rate per , inhabitants between April and March was The same report indicates that the country's theft rate per , inhabitants between April and March was Sources report that the government has been deploying military personnel throughout the country in order to increase security US 24 Feb. Further information on the National Gendarmerie could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
On 20 April , the website of the Mexican Ministry of the Interior indicated that kidnapping rates in the country are decreasing as the result of the coordination of the UECS with state security agencies Mexico 20 Apr. The same source indicates that 10, warrants for federal crimes were executed, and as of 30 June , 28, warrants were pending for execution ibid.
The report further adds that 50, people were convicted in Mexico for a wide variety of crimes in UN n. Information on statistics for and for common crime could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. Comparatively, the same source indicates that in the same year Canada had a rate of Comparatively, the US had a rate of 0. Sources indicate that the police and the military have reportedly been involved in activities such as unlawful killings, torture and disappearances AI ; US 7 Apr.
Moloeznik indicated that the growing use of the military in combating violence has, in part, led to an increase in complaints of human rights violations committed by members of the military Moloeznik 29 June Sources indicate that state agents that commit crimes continue to enjoy impunity US 7 Apr. Sources indicate that an eight-year transition from a criminal system based on written testimonies to one based on oral trials was completed in AI ; IISS , The IISS report further ads that, in the new system, confessions would only be admissible in court if they are made before a judge IISS , AI indicates that "[m]any challenges" from the previous system remained, including the failure to respect the presumption of innocence of the accused According to Moloeznik, there has been resistance from some sectors of the justice system to implement the oral trial system as judges, prosecutors, investigators and police officers have not been properly trained Moloeznik 29 June Additional information could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response.
The US Country Reports indicates that Mexico has "extremely low rates of prosecution for all forms of crime," and prosecutions "could take years to complete" 7 Apr. Moloeznik indicates that the impunity rate for committed crimes is 7 percent Moloeznik 29 June Sources indicate that crime is underreported due to generalized mistrust in authorities ibid. Sources indicate that the PGR is the entity responsible for administering the witness protection program Mexico a, Art.
According to Moloeznik, problems with the witness protection program include the lack of financial resources and public mistrust in the PGR, which prevents potential witnesses from testifying 29 June Milenio quotes Rodolfo de la Guardia, the former director of Interpol-Mexico, who was incarcerated under false evidence of collusion with narcotrafficking, as saying that the witness protection program started out as an [translation] "investigation tool," which was later used by members of organized criminal groups to benefit them by providing information that was ultimately not upheld in court 14 Apr.
Similarly, El Universal quotes a criminal lawyer as indicating that the witness protection program [translation] "is useful, but in Mexico the program is not properly used as there should be an analysis to determine that the information being provided by the member of the organized criminal organization who is being protected in the program is actually true" El Universal 5 Oct.
El Universal quotes a representative from the PGR as saying that there are no time limits for the duration of the protection of a witness as "it all depends on the witness himself or when there is a change in the circumstances that were used to evaluate the risk in the first place" ibid.
In October , La Jornada , a Mexico City-based newspaper, reports that, according to the PGR, [translation] "55 witnesses were withdrawn from the witness protection program for reasons ranging from the end of judicial proceedings to the death of the witness" La Jornada 6 Oct. The same source reports that the PGR indicated that 66 witnesses were being protected in , 53 in , 40 in , and 11 in ibid. The Mexican Ministry of the Interior is the entity responsible for administering the protection program for human rights defenders and journalists ibid.
A report by the Ministry of the Interior on the protection program for human rights defenders and journalists indicates that in , 97 out of applications for protection received were approved Mexico 30 June , 3. The same source indicates that between January and June , 85 out of 97 applications for protection were approved, and that as of June , 59 journalists and 58 human rights defenders were receiving protection ibid. Sources indicate that the [translation] "panic buttons," one of the protection tools assigned to persons being protected, "do not work" El Universal 24 Jan.
An article published in El Sol de Mexico , a Mexico City-based newspaper, on the protection mechanism, indicates that panic buttons, which consist of a satellite signal mechanism, lose the signal and have to be reinitiated every time the battery is charged, at which point the button loses the signal again ibid.
Corroborating and additional information on these protection measures could not be found among the sources consulted by the Research Directorate within the time constraints of this Response. This Response was prepared after researching publicly accessible information currently available to the Research Directorate within time constraints.
This Response is not, and does not purport to be, conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim for refugee protection. Please find below the list of sources consulted in researching this Information Request. The OSAC report indicates that virtual kidnappers target family members either in Mexico or abroad ibid. There are 32 UECSs, one in each state, that operate 24 hours a day and they are composed of officers from the police, the General Attorney Office, and victims' assistance ibid.
Al Jazeera. Alto al Secuestro. Amnesty International AI. Arturo Angel. Patricia Torres. El Universal. Dennis A. Zorayda Gallegos. Marcos Muedano. Huffington Post. Armed Conflict Survey. La Jornada. Moloeznik, Marcos. University of Guadalajara. Correspondence with the Research Directorate. Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano. April Reporte sobre delitos de alto impacto. Katya Salazar. United Nations UN. United States US. Department of State. Verisk Maplecroft. Log in. Remember Me. Forgot password?
Email this document Printable version. UNHCR is not responsible for, nor does it necessarily endorse, its content. Documents earlier than may be found only on Refworld. Search Refworld. Clear Search. Advanced Search Search Tips. Gang related violence State protection Witnesses.
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A report by the International Institute for Strategic Studies IISS , a London-based international, non-partisan research institute, whose research areas include non-proliferation, transnational threats, geo-economics, climate change and security IISS n. Sources indicate that organized criminal organizations have been working alongside common criminals to diversify their criminal operations Moloeznik 29 June ; BBC 3 May The US Department of State's Country Reports on Human Rights Practices for , for Mexico, indicates that organized criminal organizations are implicated in killings, often with the complicity of state, local, and security officials US 7 Apr. Similarly, a March report by openDemocracy,"an independent global media platform covering world affairs, ideas and culture" openDemocracy n. Sources indicate that the increasing rate of violent crime is due to a war among cartels to control drug trafficking routes Verisk Maplecroft 1 Dec. A report by the Citizens' National Observatory Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano , a civil society organization that promotes the oversight of security, justice and legal conditions in Mexico Observatorio Nacional Ciudadano n.
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Some sources indicate that Mexico has the highest rate of kidnapping in the world ibid. A September Mexican Congressional report states that, between and , kidnappings increased by percent Mexico Sept. However, the President of the CCSPJP said that in , there were 3, [translation] "high impact" [translation] kidnappings that were either reported to the PGR or state attorney general offices, or that were resolved by the military 29 Aug. According to a document published by the Research Institute on Security Instituto de estudios en seguridad at the Galileo University in Guatemala, "high impact" crimes are those that have a lasting effect on a population Claveria Jan. The President of the CCSPJP indicated that this statistic does not include "high impact" kidnappings that were not reported, express kidnappings [see section 2.
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